SEC
Accredited Investor
An accredited investor meets SEC wealth or income thresholds permitting participation in unregistered security token offerings under Regulation D Rule 506.
Global Tokenization Enforcement Tracker: Regulatory Actions and Precedents
Enforcement actions across SEC, VARA, FCA, and BaFin with precedent analysis for compliance teams: Ripple, Terraform, Coinbase, Binance, and EU actions catalogued.
Howey Test
The Howey Test is the US Supreme Court's four-prong framework determining whether a transaction constitutes an 'investment contract' and thus a security.
Real Estate Tokenization Law: Global Regulatory Frameworks
Real estate tokenization regulation globally: securities law analysis, property rights frameworks, EU DLT Pilot Regime, SEC exemptions, ADGM, Singapore, and key compliance requirements.
Regulation A+ (Mini-IPO)
Regulation A+ enables public token offerings to non-accredited investors up to $75M (Tier 2), offering a middle path between Reg D private placements and full SEC registration.
Regulation D (SEC)
Regulation D provides SEC exemptions from Securities Act registration, enabling private placement of security tokens under Rules 504, 506(b), and 506(c).
Regulation S
Regulation S provides a safe harbour from US Securities Act registration for securities offerings made outside the United States to non-US persons.
SEC Digital Asset Regulation: Enforcement History and the Path Forward
The SEC has brought 100+ digital asset enforcement actions since 2018, including the Ripple partial win (2023), Coinbase, and Terraform. The Crypto Asset Task Force (Jan 2025) signals a recalibration.
US Crypto Policy Risk: What Changes Under the New Administration Mean for Tokenization
SAB 122 reversal, Crypto Asset Task Force, FIT21 status, 2025-2026 regulatory priorities, state vs federal tension, and institutional tokenization programme implications examined.
US Real Estate Tokenization: SEC Compliance and Reg D Structures
Practical compliance guide for US real estate tokenization under SEC Reg D, Reg A+, ATS requirements, and SPV structures using Delaware LLCs.
US Tokenization Regulation: SEC, CFTC, Howey Test, and the Path to Compliance
US tokenization compliance framework — SEC securities jurisdiction, CFTC commodities, Howey test, Reg D/A+/S exemptions, FIT21, SAB 122, OCC custody guidance, FinCEN MSB, BitLicense.
US vs EU Tokenization: Which Regulatory Framework Wins?
Institutional-grade comparison of US and EU tokenization regulatory frameworks—MiCA vs SEC/CFTC, licensing cost and timeline, market access, DeFi approach, and stablecoin treatment.